青藏高原北缘哈拉湖近800年来 湖泊沉积及其环境意义^*   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5  

曹洁  张家武  张成君  陈发虎 《第四纪研究》2007,27(1):100-107

文章以青藏高原北缘高山祁连山湖泊——哈拉湖作为研究对象,利用放射性核素²¹⁰ Pb和¹³⁷ Cs测年资料,通过对此高海拔湖泊沉积碳酸盐氧碳同位素、碳酸盐含量、总有机碳含量、磁化率等环境代用指标的分析,揭示了这一地区近800年来的气候环境变化过程。分析表明哈拉湖记录的气候环境变化经历了3个阶段:1206~1700A.D.环境较为寒冷、湿润,并有持续变湿的趋势;1700~1920A.D.环境由冷湿的状况趋向温暖干旱,1771年之后,环境保持相对稳定;1920~2002A.D.是自1206年以来最为温暖干旱的阶段。  相似文献   

Bed waves at the basin scale: implications for river management and restoration     

L. Allan James 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(13):1692-1706

An extensive literature about fluvial sediment waves, slugs or pulses has emerged in the past 20 years. The concept has been useful in many respects, but has been applied to diverse phenomena using a variety of definitions. Moreover, inferred linkages between channel‐bed changes and sediment loads are often not justifiable. This paper reviews concepts of large fluvial sediment waves at scales extending to several tens of kilometres. It points out constraints on the inferences that can be made about sediment loads based on changes in channel‐bed elevation at this scale where channel sediment interacts with storage in floodplain and terrace deposits. The type area of G. K. Gilbert's initial sediment‐wave concept is re‐examined to show that neither wave translation nor dispersion occurred in the simple manner commonly assumed. Channel aggradation and return to graded conditions provide an alternative theory explaining Gilbert's observed bed‐elevation changes. Recognizing the evidence and implications of the former passage of a large‐scale bed wave is essential to the accurate diagnosis of catchment conditions and the adoption of appropriate river restoration goals or methods. Sediment loads, water quality, channel morphologic stability and aquatic ecosystems often reflect changes in sediment storage long after the channel bed has returned to grade. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The use of riparian vegetated filter strips to reduce river sediment loads: an overestimated control measure?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gert Verstraeten  Jean Poesen  Katleen Gillijns  Gerard Govers 《水文研究》2006,20(20):4259-4267

The spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery model WATEM/SEDEM was used to simulate the impact of riparian vegetated filter strips (RVFSs) on river sediment delivery at different spatial scales. For a field plot with a straight slope, sediment reduction by the RVFSs is comparable to results obtained through experimental set‐ups elsewhere (i.e. >70%). However, at the scale of an entire catchment, sediment reduction is much less (i.e. ±20%) due to (1) overland flow convergence, which reduces the sediment trapping efficiency of an RVFS, and (2) because part of the sediment bypasses the RVFSs through ditches, sewers and road surfaces. These results suggest that, at the catchment scale, RVFSs should be accompanied with other conservation techniques that are more appropriate for reducing river sediment loads, and that also reduce on‐site soil erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

白河黄石板铅锌矿的热水沉积岩及找矿潜力     

魏东  吴邦朝  朱经祥 《陕西地质》2006,24(1):66-73

经过对黄石板铅锌矿含矿层展布、产态、矿化富集规律等基本特征的总结,以及对含矿层中典型热水沉积岩岩石学特征、岩石化学特征、含矿物质来源初步分析,通过热水沉积岩和盆地正常水沉积围岩的稀土元素地球化学等与南秦岭泥盆纪热水沉积岩的对比、研究,初步认为白河县黄石板铅锌矿为一较典型的热水沉积矿床。提出黄石板矿区西段高家沟一带深部仍存在隐伏矿体的可能性较大,并通过钻探验证发现较富隐伏铅锌矿体。运用热水沉积成岩成矿理论指出该地区找矿方向。  相似文献   

考虑泥沙冲淤对水流控制方程的改进与模拟          下载免费PDF全文

崔占峰  张小峰  冯小香  谢作涛 《水科学进展》2006,17(2):235-241

以一维数学模型为例,通过数值实验及渭河实际资料的验证,发现在含沙量较大的情况下,水流连续方程里的浑水与床面的交换项对流量影响是明显的,计算中应予考虑.解释了在像黄河这样的多沙河流中存在的“水变沙”、“沙变水”的现象.由此可见,在模拟含沙量较大河流的水沙数学模型中,应完整考虑水流连续方程的微元河段的水量变化率、进出通量变化及浑水与床面的交换通量这三项.  相似文献   

洞庭湖泥沙淤积数值模拟模式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

施勇  栾震宇  胡四一 《水科学进展》2006,17(2):246-251

在确保沙量守恒的非恒定流、非均匀沙的二维水沙数学模型的基础上,通过洞庭湖水沙输运和河床变形计算实践,比较了两种冲泻质与床沙质的转化模式,提出了包括冲泻质在内的泥沙淤积模式和水沙动边界计算模式.从洞庭湖泥沙输运和河床变形计算的结果看,洞庭湖泥沙淤积数值模式具有较好的稳定性和较高的模拟精度,说明所建湖泊泥沙模型的良好性能和具有推广运用的前景.  相似文献   

Geophysical survey on the tectonic and sediment distribution of Qinghai Lake basin   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

AN Zhisheng  WANG Ping  SHEN Ji  ZHANG Yixiang  ZHANG Peizhen  WANG Sumin  LI Xiaoqiang  SUN Qianli  SONG Yougui  AI Li  ZHANG Yechun  JIANG Shaoren  LIU Xingqi  WANG Yong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(8):851-861

1 Introduction in China, with an area of 4400 km2 and a drainage area With the advancement of global change study, peo- of nearly 29,660 km2[2]. Occurring at a “climatic triple ple are paying more and more attention to the conti- junction” among the East Asian monsoon, Indian nental environment (in which we reside), its evolution Monsoon and the Westerly Jet Stream, it lies in the and its future tendency. As a component of the global transitional belt of the east monsoonal humid areas sys…  相似文献   

Biogenic silica accumulation in the sediments of Iron Gate I Reservoir on the Danube River   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cristian Teodoru  Aristidis Dimopoulos  Bernhard Wehrli 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2006,68(4):469-481

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TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DYNAMICS OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE LIU RIVER CATCHMENTS, CHINA     

Haoming FAN Qiangguo CAI Chengjiu GUO Tieliang WANG 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(3):209-219

1 INTRODUCTION The particle size of sediment eroded from basins can provide basic information about erosion processes (Meyer et al., 1980), which can be divided into sheet wash sediment processes on hill slopes and fluvial sediment processes in rivers. In…  相似文献   

CHANNEL SHRINKAGE AND ITS INSTABILITY IN THE LOWER YELLOW RIVER1     

Jianguo CHEN  Wenhao ZHOU  Anjun DENG 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(1)

From the mid 1980s through the late 1990s, the channel of the lower Yellow River experienced serious shrinkage, which has decreased the flood conveyance of the channel and the sediment carrying capacity of the flow, raised the water levels of floods, and, thus, severely threatened the safety of flood control along the river. The completion of Xiaolangdi Dam in 1999 could help mitigate the channel shrinkage problem, but the situation has not changed yet. This paper analyses the characteristics, mechanisms, and conditions resulting in channel shrinkage, points out channel instabilities, and puts forward approaches of channel rehabilitation.  相似文献